Location: Indonesia with the case study of Jakarta Province, Medan City, and Tangerang City

Pillars: Sustainable Waste Management

List of materials reviews:

• Overview of the packaging value chain
• Overview of waste management
• Description of recycling schemes
• Drivers and barriers to recycling schemes

Keywords: packaging waste, plastic waste, waste management, waste actors, waste governance, waste management infrastructure

Project Background
Waste has been a global issue for a long time. In 2021, Indonesia produced 18.90 million tons of waste and 18.19% of which was plastic waste. For the past few years, plastic has become a serious hazard to the environment. Packaging is an integral and important part of the product supply chain, from the production stage to the consumption stage. Despite its increasing number, the circularity and recycling rate of packaging is still low. Post-consumption packaging materials that could be processed are mostly wasted or scattered. Well-managed packaging waste requires the participation of all parties. An important aspect that needs to be considered is to know the current baseline of packaging waste management.

Aims and Objectives
This study aims to understand the existing practice and various policies and regulations around the management system of packaging waste, especially plastic, in three cities of Indonesia as case study (Jakarta, Medan, Tangerang).

Methodology
The project will implement both primary and secondary data collection. The data collection will be conducted through:
(1) desktop research and secondary data collection through related institutions
(2) in-depth interviews with key informants

Drivers & Barriers in Plastic Packaging Waste Management
Policy & Legislation
Drivers: Jakstranas to reduce waste by 30% by 2025, inclusion of waste management in Medium-Term Development Plan, the rise of circular economy models
Barriers: lack of monitoring and implementation, no binding obligation and consequences of the existing policy, government’s low investment
Economics and industry
Drivers: using waste as resource, market creation through incentives, proper funding
Barriers: improper budget allocation in waste management, lack of incentives to support recycling industries, market competitiveness with virgin material manufacturers
Technology
Drivers: improving innovation in waste management technologies (e.g. PLTSa), emerging initiatives & startups
Barriers: low percentage of waste collection, limited recycling technologies for certain materials, lack of technical and financial capacities
Social
Drivers: community-oriented initiatives, increased connectivity between households and recyclers
Barriers: low awareness of waste sorting from the source, the habit of littering and open burning, missing link between stakeholders