Authored by: Dr. Jonathan Lassa

The Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states (AMS) are highly vulnerable to the adverse health impacts of climate change, particularly in the context of emerging infectious diseases. This scoping review aims to systematically map the existing policies and programs related to climate change adaptation within ASEAN health systems, with a particular emphasis on policies pertaining to the control of infectious diseases. Utilizing the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology, a comprehensive literature search will be conducted, encompassing the ASEAN Secretariat website, government websites, Google, and six prominent research databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Embase, World Health Organization (WHO) Institutional Repository Information Sharing (IRIS), and Google Scholar). Articles will be screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Policy analysis will adhere to the WHO operational framework for climate-resilient health systems. Findings will be synthesized into a narrative report, conforming to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Since this study involves a scoping review protocol, ethical approval is not deemed necessary. The study’s outcomes will be disseminated through electronic channels, ensuring broad accessibility and relevance to policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders concerned with climate change adaptation and its implications for public health within the ASEAN region.

Understanding the spatial pattern of COVID-19 in metropolitan cities is essential for the implementation of appropriate policy responses. This chapter utilises geographic information systems (GIS) to understand the dynamic patterns of COVID-19 cases in Jakarta and Surabaya in relation to the local restriction policies. The confirmed COVID-19 case data were processed into the cumulative incidence rate (CIR). The spatial autocorrelation analysis was then applied to CIR data to assess the disease’s distribution pattern. Furthermore, hot spot and local Anselin Moran’s I analyses were also applied to assess the risks of further spread. The results indicated that the spatial pattern of COVID-19 cases in Jakarta was mainly random, while in Surabaya City, it was clustered, implying that both areas had different factors that drove the transmission. Hence, the local restriction policies for the COVID-19 pandemic response needed to be more localized and adaptively aligned with the COVID-19 hot spot levels in each area.

This book chapter discusses the evolving impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security and rural livelihoods in Indonesia, focusing on various production contexts within the country’s diverse archipelago. The findings reveal that COVID-19 has brought about significant, varied, and rapidly changing effects on rural livelihoods, which differ depending on geographical regions and production systems. How the pandemic interacts with local food systems, social dynamics, and household strategies influences these impacts. Despite the Indonesian government’s efforts to mitigate the impact through social protection programmes, disruptions in value chains, declining producer prices, the contraction of the informal sector, and job losses have negatively affected rural households, leading many to return to agriculture for survival. Unfortunately, this shift has reduced access to high-quality food, potentially harming nutrition. The crisis has exposed vulnerabilities in Indonesia’s complex food systems, offering an opportunity for research and policy strategies to address these issues.

This contributing paper delves into the impact of a tsunami and the COVID-19 pandemic on the coastal tourism sector in Pandeglang Regency (Banten Province) in Indonesia. The sector is a significant contributor to regional income and one of its coastal areas is designated as a Special Economic Zone in 2018. The tourism sector in Pandeglang Regency is supported by many components, one of them is the hotel industry which has a wider economic impact because of its links to other industries, creating a supply chain. Unfortunately, most of those accommodation facilities are located in area prone to tsunamis. This resulted in the large impact that the tsunami had on Pandeglang’s tourism hospitality supply chain. One year after the disaster, tourism was still unable to recover, then two years after the tsunami, the COVID-19 outbreak appears, making the recovery measures more difficult. Based on that, this study aims to understand the indirect impacts of Sunda Strait Tsunami and COVID-19 pandemic and how it affects the resilience of tourism hospitality supply chain in Pandeglang. In order to quantify the indirect losses, this research adopts the Support Analysis Framework (SAF) with several relevant modifications. There are three indicators included in SAF analysis: (1) Losses of Financial Function; (2) Business Disruption Between Tourism Business Actors; (3) Operational Changes. This paper finds, based on the SAF calculation, that the index of indirect losses from the Sunda Strait Tsunami and COVID-19 is in the third class which is high losses. The two incidents had caused huge losses on the Pandeglang tourism sector, affected suppliers, distributors, and customers, also forced the tourism businesses to stop operating for several months. The analysis of these indirect impacts can be useful for governments and private sectors to develop strategies and interventions in tourism sector to increase disaster preparedness and the resilience of tourism and hospitality supply chains in Pandeglang based on resilient supply chain determinants.